✔ Captures metal impurities before they reach the main catalyst.✔ Prevents catalyst poisoning and extends life.
✔ Arsenic, vanadium, and nickel in the feed cause poisoning.✔ Water or oxygen exposure deactivates the catalyst.
✔ Hydrogen breaks S-C bonds, converting sulfur compounds into H₂S.✔ Prevents coke formation by saturating olefins.
🔹 Causes of catalyst deactivation:✔ Coking – Formation of carbon deposits.✔ Metals Deposition – Vanadium & nickel accumulation.✔
✔ Cobalt-Molybdenum (Co-Mo) on Alumina – Used for low-sulfur feeds.✔ Nickel-Molybdenum (Ni-Mo) on Alumina – More active, used for high-sulfur feeds.
🔹 Reactor temperature is controlled by:✔ Preheater adjustments – Regulates feed temperature.✔ Quench Hydrogen Injection – Reduces excessive heat in exothermic reactions.✔ Reactor Bed Temperature ...
🔹 The stripper column removes:✔ H₂S & NH₃ – Prevents poisoning of downstream catalysts.✔ Light hydrocarbons – Improves product stability
